Iinterviewed to my friend Alberto.
What do you know about urban legend? I know they are many myth among societies some maybe true and some not. In a society what the people believe make them what they are.
Do you believe in the urban legend? No, because they have not been prouvered.
Do you know about one? Yes, I have listened about "the galipote". They are people that can transform
in animals like a horse or a cow.
Do you think that most of the people in the Dominican Republic believe in urban legend? Yes I do principally in the countryside.
Do you think that the urband legend might disappear in the future? No, I do not think so, because they are part of the culture.
martes, 5 de junio de 2012
lunes, 4 de junio de 2012
Urban Legends
Nowadays we deal with all sort of Urban Legends, but the one about hitchhiker is very popular worldwide and we have one version about it in the Dominican Republic.
It´s said that one lonely man was coming from the Aeropuerto Internacional Las Americas, and unexpectantly he saw a beautiful woman thumbing a ride, he stopped and the girl hopped in.
They started to chat as a way to know each other, but he wanted more than a simple friendship, because he felt she was beautiful and as a dominican Casanova he asked her about love and she agreed.
They went to a motel and had a wonderful time, later he dropped her where she lived with her relatives, they agreed to see each other later on.
After a couple of days he went to pick her off, but he received a terrible news about the beautiful young woman he was looking for had died in a car accident months ago, and as way to confirm was she, they showed him a photo of her.
Imagine how this man received this terrible news, that the woman he was asking for was a ghost.
Nowadays we deal with all sort of Urban Legends, but the one about hitchhiker is very popular worldwide and we have one version about it in the Dominican Republic.
It´s said that one lonely man was coming from the Aeropuerto Internacional Las Americas, and unexpectantly he saw a beautiful woman thumbing a ride, he stopped and the girl hopped in.
They started to chat as a way to know each other, but he wanted more than a simple friendship, because he felt she was beautiful and as a dominican Casanova he asked her about love and she agreed.
They went to a motel and had a wonderful time, later he dropped her where she lived with her relatives, they agreed to see each other later on.
After a couple of days he went to pick her off, but he received a terrible news about the beautiful young woman he was looking for had died in a car accident months ago, and as way to confirm was she, they showed him a photo of her.
Imagine how this man received this terrible news, that the woman he was asking for was a ghost.
domingo, 3 de junio de 2012
The Chupacabra
When I was a child I used to hear my mon talk about the chupacabra.She said it's a creature about 1.2 meters 4 feet) tall with red eyes and big teeth.It can jumb high. It kills animal and drinks their blood. It's seen only at night. By those time it was difficult for me to sleep at night I always had nightmare! I'd never seen such a strange animal, so I think the cupacabra might be a large dog or other animal and not a terrible monster.
sábado, 2 de junio de 2012
Today, i m going to talk about my point of view of urban legends is something similar happen to my fiend carlo, like the organ thieves. His mother had to move to the united states because there the doctors made her a surgery there . During the process she passed around two month in treated. When she finished it. She return to the hospital and they begun with the surgery when they finished the doctors didnt realize that they have left a napkin in her stomach. Meanwhile she was in her house the first five day she looked normal and very well but later on she begun to felt a stomach ache and she went to another doctor but it was so late because she died five hours later. so the urban legends could be true. Even when the story is not totally true always you can find people that believe it.
URBAN LEGENDS
COMMENTS:
What I think of urban legends is that they are supposed to be true but sometimes they are not. People believe in those stories like they are factic without realizing or deciding if they´re true or not.
I agree with the authors that they do not neccesarily have to be in an urban area, they can be anywhere on any regions.
An urban legend takes place when they have abstract characters, that has direct attention or object, on the main character of the story.
That´s mainly what I can think of an urban legend.
At the bottom there`s the history or the definition of what an urban legend is.
URBAN LEGENDS
An urban legend, urban myth, urban tale, or contemporary legend, is a form of modern folklore consisting of stories that may or may not have been believed by their tellers to be true.[1] As with all folklore and mythology, the designation suggests nothing about the story's veracity, but merely that it is in circulation, exhibits variation over time, and carries some significance that motivates the community in preserving and propagating it.
COMMENTS:
What I think of urban legends is that they are supposed to be true but sometimes they are not. People believe in those stories like they are factic without realizing or deciding if they´re true or not.
I agree with the authors that they do not neccesarily have to be in an urban area, they can be anywhere on any regions.
An urban legend takes place when they have abstract characters, that has direct attention or object, on the main character of the story.
That´s mainly what I can think of an urban legend.
At the bottom there`s the history or the definition of what an urban legend is.
URBAN LEGENDS
An urban legend, urban myth, urban tale, or contemporary legend, is a form of modern folklore consisting of stories that may or may not have been believed by their tellers to be true.[1] As with all folklore and mythology, the designation suggests nothing about the story's veracity, but merely that it is in circulation, exhibits variation over time, and carries some significance that motivates the community in preserving and propagating it.
Despite its name, an urban legend does not necessarily originate in an urban area. Rather, the term is used to differentiate modern legend from traditional folklore in pre-industrial times. For this reason, sociologists and folklorists prefer the termcontemporary legend.
Urban legends are sometimes repeated in news stories and, in recent years, distributed by e-mail. People frequently allege that such tales happened to a "friend of a friend"; so often, in fact, that "friend of a friend" ("FOAF") has become a commonly used term when recounting this type of story.
Some urban legends have passed through the years with only minor changes to suit regional variations. One example is the story of a woman killed by spiders nesting in her elaborate hairdo. More recent legends tend to reflect modern circumstances, like the story of people ambushed, anesthetized, and waking up minus one kidney, which was surgically removed for transplantation (a story which folklorists refer to as "The Kidney Heist").[2]
Contents[hide] |
[edit]Origins and structure
The term “urban legend,” as used by folklorists, has appeared in print since at least 1968.[3] Jan Harold Brunvand, professor of English at the University of Utah, introduced the term to the general public in a series of popular books published beginning in 1981. Brunvand used his collection of legends, The Vanishing Hitchhiker: American Urban Legends & Their Meanings (1981) to make two points: first, that legends and folklore do not occur exclusively in so-called primitive or traditional societies, and second, that one could learn much about urban and modern culture by studying such tales.
Many urban legends are framed as complete stories with plot and characters. The compelling appeal of a typical urban legend is its elements of mystery, horror, fear or humor. Often they serve as cautionary tales.[4] Some urban legends are morality tales that depict someone, usually a child, acting in a disagreeable manner, only to wind up in trouble, hurt, or dead.[4]
[edit]Propagation and belief
Like older legends and myths, these narratives can rarely be traced to an original source. Moreover, as Jan Brunvand pointed out[6] antecedent legends including some of the motifs, themes and symbolism of these urtexts can readily be identified. Cases in which there is some likelihood that at least a partial inspiration has been located include "The Death Car," traced by Richard Dorson to Michigan, United States;[6] "the Solid Cement Cadillac"[7] and the possible origin of "The Hook" in the 1946 series of Lovers' Lane murders in Texarkana, Texas, USA.[8][9] The urban legend that Coca-Cola developed the drink Fanta to sell in Nazi Germany without public backlash originated as the actual tale of German Max Keith, who invented the drink and ran Coca-Cola's operations in Germany during World War II.[10]
The teller of an urban legend may claim it happened to a friend, which serves to personalize, authenticate and enhance the power of the narrative.[1] Many urban legends depict horrific crimes, contaminated foods or other situations which would affect many people. Anyone believing such stories might feel compelled to warn loved ones. Not seldom, news organizations, school officials and even police departments have issued warnings concerning the latest threat.[11] In the "Lights Out" rumor, street gang members would drive without headlights until a compassionate motorist responded with the traditional flashing of headlights, whereupon a new gang member would be required to murder the citizen as a requirement of initiation.[12] A fax received at the Nassau County, Florida fire department was forwarded to police, and from there to all city departments. Even the Minister of Defence for Canada was taken in by the same legend; he forwarded an urgent security warning to all Ontario Members of Parliament.[12]
Many urban legends are essentially extended jokes, told as if they were true events.[13] Urban legends typically include one or more common elements: the legend is retold on behalf of the original witness or participant; dire warnings are often given for those who might not heed the advice or lesson contained therein (this is a typical element of many e-mail phishing scams); and it is often touted as "something a friend told me," while the friend is identified by first name only or not identified at all.[14] One of the classic hallmarks of false urban legends is a lack of specific information regarding the incident, such as names, dates, locations, or similar information.
Persistent urban legends, however unlikely, often maintain at least a degree of plausibility, for instance a serial killer deliberately hiding in the back seat of a car. One such example since the 1970s has been the recurring rumor that the Procter and Gamble Company was associated with Satan worshippers because of details within its nineteenth-century trademark.[15] The legend interrupted the company's business to the point it stopped using the trademark.[16]
[edit]Belief and relation to mythology
The earliest term by which these narratives were known, “urban belief tales,” highlights what was then thought to be a key property: they were held, by their tellers, to be true accounts, and the device of the FOAF was a spurious but significant effort at authentication.[17]The coinage leads in turn to the terms "FOAFlore" and "FOAFtale". While at least one classic legend, the “Death Car”, has been shown to have some basis in fact,[18] folklorists as such are interested in debunking these narratives only to the degree that establishing non-factuality warrants the assumption that there must be some other reason why the tales are told and believed.[19] As in the case of myth, these narratives are believed because they construct and reinforce the worldview of the group within which they are told, or “because they provide us with coherent and convincing explanations of complex events”.[20] Recently social scientists have started to draw on urban legends in order to help explain complex socio-psychological beliefs, such as attitudes to crime, childcare, fast food, SUVs and other "family" choices.[21] Here the authors make an explicit connection between urban legends and popular folklore, such as Grimm's Fairy Tales where similar themes and motifs arise. For this reason, it is characteristic of groups within which a given narrative circulates to react very negatively to claims or demonstrations of non-factuality; an example would be the expressions of outrage by police officers who are told that adulteration of Halloween treats by strangers (the subject of periodic moral panics) is extremely rare, if it has occurred at all.[19][22]
[edit]Other terminology
The term urban myth is also used. Brunvand feels that urban legend is less stigmatizing because myth is commonly used to describe things that are widely accepted as untrue. The more academic definitions of myth usually refer to a supernatural tale involving gods,spirits, the origin of the world, and other symbols that are usually capable of multiple meanings (cf. the works of Claude Lévi-Strauss,Ernst Cassirer, Mircea Eliade, Joseph Campbell, Carl Jung, and Northrop Frye for various interpretations). However, the usage may simply reflect the idiom.
The term urban myth is preferred in some languages such as Mexican Spanish, where conventional coinage is "mito urbano" rather than "leyenda urbana." In French, urban legends are usually called légendes urbaines; the term légendes contemporaines is still preferable because "légendes urbaines" is an improper and meaningless verbatim translation, though used by some French sociologists or journalists. But neither expression is commonly used: for ordinary French people, the more genuine terms rumeur or canular, not to mention more colloquial and expressive words, describe this phenomenon of "viral spread tall story" properly enough. The term hoax (in "Frenglish") is known in the Web community.
Some scholars prefer the term contemporary legend to highlight those tales with relatively recent or modern origins. An eighteenth-century pamphlet alleging that a woman was tricked into eating the ashes of her lover's heart could be described as a contemporary legend with respect to the eighteenth century.
[edit]Documenting urban legends
The Internet makes it easier to spread urban legends, and also to debunk them.[23] Discussing, tracking, and analyzing urban legends is the topic of the Usenet newsgroup, alt.folklore.urban, and several web sites, most notably snopes.com. The United States Department of Energy had a service, now discontinued, called Hoaxbusters that dealt with computer-distributed hoaxes and legends.
Television shows such as Urban Legends, Beyond Belief: Fact or Fiction, and later Mostly True Stories: Urban Legends Revealedfeature re-enactments of urban legends detailing the accounts of the tales and (typically) later in the show, these programs reveal any factual basis they may have. Since 2004 the Discovery Channel TV show MythBusters tries to prove or disprove urban legends by attempting to reproduce them using the scientific method. The 1998 film Urban Legend featured students extensively discussing popular urban legends while at the same time falling victim to them.
The British writer Tony Barrell is a collector of modern urban legends, many of which he has explored in a long-running column in The Sunday Times. These include the story that Orson Welles began work on a Batman movie in the 1940s, which was to feature James Cagney as The Riddler and Marlene Dietrich as Catwoman;[24] the persistent rumour that the rock singer Courtney Love is the granddaughter of Marlon Brando;[25] and the idea that in a famous 1970s poster of Farrah Fawcett, there is a subliminal sexual message concealed in the actress's hair.[26]
viernes, 1 de junio de 2012
J- ball
Baseball is one of the most widely watched and played sports in the world,it was originally known as ¨townball änd was borrowed from the English games of cricket and rounders,there are different suppositions about baseball birth some people believe that came from alemania but it developed in the northern United State in the early ninetenths.In 1840s alexander cartwright standardized the field dimensions,whereas sportwriter Henry Chadwick wrote the first rule book..The civil war does not stop to baseball development rather the Union soldiers helped to spread the popularity of the game during the civil war which took place in 1861.J-ball became the japanese landscape since 1873 it was introduced by Horace Wilson an american teacher.Nowadays baseball is a lucrative industry where many poor people become to millionaries.
Baseball Rules
First of all, as I Don´t know anything about baseball, I wanted to look for that information. I hope you understand that I´m not a sportsman!
1- Baseball is a game
between two teams of nine players each, under direction of a manager, played on
an enclosed field in accordance with these rules, under jurisdiction of one or
more umpires.
3-The
winner of the game shall be that team which shall have scored, in accordance
with these rules, the greater number of runs at the conclusion of a regulation
game.
4-THE
PLAYING FIELD. The field shall be laid out according to the instructions below,
supplemented by Diagrams No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3.
The infield shall be a 90 foot square. The outfield
shall be the area between two foul lines formed by extending two sides of the
square, as in Diagram 1. The distance from home base to the nearest fence,
stand or other obstruction on fair territory shall be 250 feet or more. A
distance of 320 feet or more along the foul lines, and 400 feet or more to
center field is preferable. The infield shall be graded so that the base lines
and home plate are level. The pitcher's plate shall be 10 inches above the
level of home plate. The degree of slope from a point 6 inches in front of the
pitcher's plate to a point 6 feet toward home plate shall be 1 inch to 1 foot,
and such degree of slope shall be uniform. The infield and outfield, including
the boundary lines, are fair territory and all other area is foul territory.
It is desirable that the line from home base through
the pitchers plate to second base shall run East Northeast.
It is recommended that the distance from home base to
the backstop, and from the base lines to the nearest fence, stand or other
obstruction on foul territory shall be 60 feet or more. See Diagram 1.
When location of home base is determined, with a steel
tape measure 127 feet, 3 3/8 inches in desired direction to establish second
base. From home base, measure 90 feet toward first base; from second base,
measure 90 feet toward first base; the intersection of these lines establishes
first base. From home base, measure 90 feet toward third base; from second
base, measure 90 feet toward third base; the intersection of these lines
establishes third base. The distance between first base and third base is 127
feet, 3 3/8 inches. All measurements from home base shall be taken from the
point where the first and third base lines intersect.
The catcher's box, the batters' boxes, the coaches'
boxes, the three foot first base lines and the next batter's boxes shall be
laid out as shown in Diagrams 1 and 2.
The foul lines and all other playing lines indicated in the diagrams by solid black lines shall be marked with wet, unslaked lime, chalk or other white material.
The grass lines and dimensions shown on the diagrams
are those used in many fields, but they are not mandatory and each club shall
determine the size and shape of the grassed and bare areas of its playing
field.
NOTE: (a) Any Playing Field constructed by a
professional club after June 1, 1958, shall provide a minimum distance of 325
feet from home base to the nearest fence, stand or other obstruction on the
right and left field foul lines, and a minimum distance of 400 feet to the
center field fence.
(b) No existing playing
field shall be remodeled after June 1, 1958, in such manner as to reduce the
distance from home base to the foul poles and to the center field fence below
the minimum specified in paragraph (a) above.
5-
Home base shall be marked by a five sided slab of whitened rubber. It shall be
a 17 inch square with two of the corners removed so that one edge is 17 inches
long, two adjacent sides are 8 1/2 inches and the remaining two sides are 12
inches and set at an angle to make a point. It shall be set in the ground with
the point at the intersection of the lines extending from home base to first
base and to third base; with the 17 inch edge facing the pitcher's plate, and
the two 12 inch edges coinciding with the first and third base lines.
The top edges of home base shall be beveled and the
base shall be fixed in the ground level with the ground surface.
6-First,
second and third bases shall be marked by white canvas bags, securely attached
to the ground as indicated in Diagram 2. The first and third base bags shall be
entirely within the infield. The second base bag shall be centered on second
base. The bags shall be 15 inches square, not less than three nor more than
five inches thick, and filled with soft material.
7-The
pitcher's plate shall be a rectangular slab of whitened rubber, 24 inches by 6
inches. It shall be set in the ground as shown in Diagrams 1 and 2, so that the
distance between the pitcher's plate and home base (the rear point of home
plate) shall be 60 feet, 6 inches.
8-The
home club shall furnish players' benches, one each for the home and visiting
teams. Such benches shall not be less than twenty five feet from the base
lines. They shall be roofed and shall be enclosed at the back and ends.
9-The
ball shall be a sphere formed by yarn wound around a small core of cork, rubber
or similar material, covered with two stripes of white horsehide or cowhide,
tightly stitched together. It shall weigh not less than five no more than 5 1/4
ounces avoirdupois and measure not less than nine nor more than 9 1/4 inches in
circumference.
10- (a) The bat shall be a smooth, round stick not more than 2 3/4 inches
in diameter at the thickest part and not more than 42 inches in length. The bat
shall be one piece of solid wood.
NOTE: No laminated or experimental bats shall be used in a professional game (either championship season or exhibition games) until the manufacturer has secured approval from the Rules Committee of his design and methods of manufacture.
(b) Cupped Bats. An indentation in the end of the bat
up to one inch in depth is permitted and may be no wider than two inches and no
less than one inch in diameter. The indentation must be curved with no foreign
substance added.
(c) The bat handle, for not more than 18 inches from
its end, may be covered or treated with any material or substance to improve
the grip. Any such material or substance, which extends past the 18 inch
limitation, shall cause the bat to be removed from the game.
NOTE: If the umpire discovers that the bat does
not conform to (c) above until a time during or after which the bat has been
used in play, it shall not be grounds for declaring the batter out, or ejected
from the game.
(d) No colored bat may be used in a professional game unless approved by the Rules Committee.
11- (a) (1) All players on a team shall wear uniforms identical in color,
trim and style, and all players uniforms shall include minimal six inch numbers
on their backs. (2) Any part of an undershirt exposed to view shall be of a
uniform solid color for all players on a team. Any player other than the
pitcher may have numbers, letters, insignia attached to the sleeve of the
undershirt. (3) No player whose uniform does not conform to that of his
teammates shall be permitted to participate in a game.
(b) A league may provide that (1) each team shall wear
a distinctive uniform at all times, or (2) that each team shall have two sets
of uniforms, white for home games and a different color for road games.
(c) (1) Sleeve lengths may vary for individual
players, but the sleeves of each individual player shall be approximately the
same length. (2) No player shall wear ragged, frayed or slit sleeves.
(d) No player shall attach to his uniform tape or
other material of a different color from his uniform.
(e) No part of the uniform shall include a pattern
that imitates or suggests the shape of a baseball.
(f) Glass buttons and polished metal shall not be used
on a uniform.
(g) No player shall attach anything to the heel or toe
of his shoe other than the ordinary shoe plate or toe plate. Shoes with pointed
spikes similar to golf or track shoes shall not be worn.
(h) No part of the uniform shall include patches or
designs relating to commercial advertisements.
(i) A league may provide that the uniforms of its
member teams include the names of its players on their backs. Any name other
than the last name of the player must be approved by the League President. If
adopted, all uniforms for a team must have the names of its players.
12- The catcher may wear a leather mitt not more than thirty eight inches
in circumference, nor more than fifteen and one half inches from top to bottom.
Such limits shall include all lacing and any leather band or facing attached to
the outer edge of the mitt. The space between the thumb section and the finger
section of the mitt shall not exceed six inches at the top of the mitt and four
inches at the base of the thumb crotch. The web shall measure not more than
seven inches across the top or more than six inches from its top to the base of
the thumb crotch. The web may be either a lacing or lacing through leather
tunnels, or a center piece of leather which may be an extension of the palm,
connected to the mitt with lacing and constructed so that it will not exceed
any of the above mentioned measurements.
13- The first baseman may wear a leather glove or mitt not more than twelve
inches long from top to bottom and not more than eight inches wide across the
palm, measured from the base of the thumb crotch to the outer edge of the mitt.
The space between the thumb section and the finger section of the mitt shall
not exceed four inches at the top of the mitt and three and one half inches at
the base of the thumb crotch. The mitt shall be constructed so that this space
is permanently fixed and cannot be enlarged, extended, widened, or deepened by
the use of any materials or process whatever. The web of the mitt shall measure
not more than five inches from its top to the base of the thumb crotch. The web
may be either a lacing, lacing through leather tunnels, or a center piece of
leather which may be an extension of the palm connected to the mitt with lacing
and constructed so that it will not exceed the above mentioned measurements.
The webbing shall not be constructed of wound or wrapped lacing or deepened to
make a net type of trap. The glove may be of any weight.
14- Each fielder, other than the first baseman or catcher, may use or wear
a leather glove. The measurements covering size of glove shall be made by
measuring front side or ball receiving side of glove. The tool or measuring
tape shall be placed to contact the surface or feature of item being measured and
follow all contours in the process. The glove shall not measure more than 12''
from the tip of any one of the 4 fingers, through the ball pocket to the bottom
edge or heel of glove. The glove shall not measure more than 7 3/4'' wide,
measured from the inside seam at base of first finger, along base of other
fingers, to the outside edge of little finger edge of glove. The space or area
between the thumb and first finger, called crotch, may be filled with leather
webbing or back stop. The webbing may be constructed of two plies of standard
leather to close the crotch area entirely, or it may be constructed of a series
of tunnels made of leather, or a series of panels of leather, or of lacing
leather thongs. The webbing may not be constructed of wound or wrapped lacing
to make a net type of trap. When webbing is made to cover entire crotch area,
the webbing can be constructed so as to be flexible. When constructed of a
series of sections, they must be joined together. These sections may not be so
constructed to allow depression to be developed by curvatures in the section
sides. The webbing shall be made to control the size of the crotch opening. The
crotch opening shall measure not more than 4 1/2'' at the top, not more than 5
3/4'' deep, and shall be 3 1/2'' wide at its bottom. The opening of crotch
shall not be more than 4 1/2'' at any point below its top. The webbing shall be
secured at each side, and at top and bottom of crotch. The attachment to be
made with leather lacing, these connections to be secured. If they stretch or
become loose, they shall be adjusted to their proper condition. The glove can
be of any weight.
15-(a) The pitcher's glove shall be uniform in color, including all
stitching, lacing and webbing. The pitcher's glove may not be white or gray.
(b) No pitcher shall attach to his glove any foreign
material of a color different from the glove.
(a) All players shall use some type of protective
helmet while at bat.
(b) All players in National Association Leagues shall
wear a double ear flap helmet while at bat.
(c) All players entering the Major Leagues commencing
with the 1983 championship season and every succeeding season thereafter must
wear a single ear flap helmet (or at the player's option, a double ear flap
helmet), except those players who were in the Major League during the 1982
season, and who, as recorded in that season, objected to wearing a single ear
flap helmet.
(d) All catchers shall wear a catcher's protective
helmet, while fielding their position.
(e) All bat/ball boys or girls shall wear a protective
helmet while performing their duties. If the umpire observes any violation of
these rules, he shall direct the violation to be corrected. If the violation is
not corrected within a reasonable time, in the umpire's judgment, the umpire
shall eject the offender from the game, and disciplinary action, as
appropriate, will be recommended.
17- Playing equipment including but not limited to the bases, pitcher's
plate, baseball, bats, uniforms, catcher's mitts, first baseman's gloves,
infielders and outfielders gloves and protective helmets, as detailed in the
provisions of this rule, shall not contain any undue commercialization of the
product. Designations by the manufacturer on any such equipment must be in good
taste as to the size and content of the manufacturer's logo or the brand name
of the item. The provisions of this Section 1.17 shall apply to professional
leagues only.
NOTE: Manufacturers who plan innovative changes in
baseball equipment for professional baseball leagues should submit same to the
Official Playing Rules Committee prior to production.
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